Most European settlers, accustomed to small-scale farms, viewed the Indian's vast hunting grounds as a wasteful, ineffective use of their land. They also wanted sovereignty over Indian territory in order to claim the gateway the west, beginning with the Ohio Valley. After the French and Indian War, the Treaty of Paris in 1763 labeled all Indians "subjects" of the British crown, and established the settlements of eastern North America as British colonies. The Proclaimation of 1763 marked boundaries along the Appalachians, separating Indian land from European settlements and nullifying any "sea-to-sea" claims based on colonial charters. The Plan of 1764 also set up an imperial fur trading system at the frontier forts intended to protect Indian land and treaty rights. In the end, however, these agreements gave in to pressure from speculators and westward expansion.