The tensions that led to Black Hawk's War began with an 1804 land deal
that the Sauk chief Black Hawk believed to be unfair.  His people refused
to leave their territory, which included parts of Wisconsin, Missouri, and
Illinois, but by 1831, they had bee n driven into present-day Iowa.  Black
Hawk returned the following year to negotiate for the land, but when
Americans murdered one of his envoys, he attacked.  Black Hawk's War was
lost on August 3, 1832, with the battle of Bad Axe.  As pictured above,
the Sauk warriors were trapped by land and water.  The Native American
survivors of the battle were forced to give up the remainder of their land
as punishment.