The grand council at Prairie du Chien took place in Wisconsin in August, 1825. Participating were members of the Chippewa, Sauk, Fox, Menominee, Iowa, Sioux, Winnebago, Ottawa, and Potawatomi tribes. The tribes made an agreement with government representatives to set specific boundaries for their land claims, leaving to the U.S. government the right to adjust the final claims. Within 25 years most of the tribal hunting grounds had been ceded to the Americans. As more and more lands passed from tribal to white ownership, Indians lost their traditional hunting grounds and with them their principles means of subsistence. Many tribes, convinced that negotiations with the settlers were futile, found no recourse but to relocate west of the Mississippi.