Quanah Parker was born in Cedar Lakes, Texas around 1845. Son of the Comanche chief Peta Nocone and Cynthia Ann Parker, a white captive, Parker became a leader of a Kwahadi band of Comanches at the age of twenty-two. The band of rebel warriors joined the Kiowa, Apache, and southern Cheyenne in attacks on white settlers and pioneers in the Texas Panhandle. In June 1874, Parker led his warriors against a group of white hunters in response to the hunters' massive slaughter of buffalo. The clash, which took place at the abandoned trading post of Adobe Walls, started the Red River War of 1874-1875. After several fierce engagements with U.S. forces led by General Nelson Miles and Colonel Ranald Mackenzie, Parker and his followers surrendered at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, in June 1875. The Comanches were then established on a reservation in Oklahoma. Quanah Parker quickly adapted to reservation lifer and became a prosperous farmer. He traveled widely as a representative of his people, and was an influential leader in the peyote cult. He died on February 23, 1911.