Richard Henry Pratt founded the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in
Carlisle, Pennsylvania, in 1879.  Beginning in 1870, Congress allotted
$100,000 per year to Indian schools to address the problem of inadequate
education for Native Americans.  Pratt, a seasoned frontier officer and
Civil War veteran, persuaded the government to give him some of that
money, along with an empty cavalry barracks in Carlisle, to establish the
first non-reservation boarding school for Indians.  Students were provided
with academic and vocational training, As this picture indicates, they
were also taught to assume the dress, hair styles, and mannerisms of
whites.  In creating the off-reservation boarding school, Pratt's
intention was to remove Indian children from all tribal influences.  He
also created the "outing system."  Accomplished students were sent out to
work and live on local farms, to become fully immersed in white American
culture.  The Carlisle School closed in 1918, as a result of a Bureau of
Indian Affairs policy of building more Indian schools closer to the
reservations.