In 1882, President Chester A. Arthur signed an executive order
establishing a formal Hopi reservation as a way of limiting expanding
Mormon occupancy in the Southwest.  This action brought some negative side
effects, isolating the Hopi from other tribes and breaking down their
societal structure.  Missionaries, settlers and tourists arrived at the
reservation in increasing numbers, and the tribe itself split into two
camps, the Friendlies and the Hostiles.  The Hostiles were particularly
opposed to the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887, which required excess tribal
lands to be allotted to individual Indians.  This petition to the U.S.
government, drafted by Hopi leaders in 1894, requested formal
clarification of all Hopi lands.  In 1911, the government abandone d the
land-allotment policy in the Southwest--partly due to the Hopis' firm,
well-organized opposition to the plan.  This last page of that petition
shows the totemic "signatures" of the Hopi leaders.