By 1953, unemployment among Native Americans had become a major factor of
reservation of life.  The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Commissioner Glen
Emmons believed that the solution lay in persuading large numbers of
Indians to relocate into urban areas. Using the lure of job training and
housing, brochures (an example is shown here) depicting Indian families
leading a middle-class life were distributed by the BIA.  While the
initial response was enthusiastic, within five years the relocation
program was counted a failure, with 50 percent of the participants
returning to their reservations.  This was the first of many failures to
"mainstream" the Indian population.